Notably, ABRACL expression showed a strong positive association with tumor TMB and exhibited pronounced enrichment in spatial transcriptomic tumor regions.<h4>Conclusion</h4>By integrating multi-omics and spatial datasets, this study reveals the epithelial heterogeneity of BLCA and identifies ABRACL and ARPC3 as key TMB-associated hub genes within EpiCs. The gene discussed is ABRACL; the disease is neoplasm.