Dyslipidemia, particularly reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), is associated with the inflammatory milieu in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the association of serum TNFR1 and TNFR2 with early renal injury in T2DM and to determine the impact of HDL on TNFRs levels.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 258 T2DM patients (135 with normoalbuminuria, 123 with microalbuminuria) and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.