Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses excluding insulin users (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.40-13.5, p = 0.011) and outliers (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.60-9.00, p = 0.002), and stratified by diabetes duration (≥ 5 years: OR 5.20, 95% CI 1.80-15.0, p = 0.002) and sex (males: OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.20-12.0, p = 0.023; females: OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.30-15.5, p = 0.017). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.