Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, including age, diabetes duration, BMI, hypertension, eGFR, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, and medication use, higher fasting glucagon levels are independently associated with the presence of comorbid stroke in female T2DM patients (model 3: Q4 vs Q1: OR = 2.396, 95% CI: 1.075-5.339, P = 0.037). Here, GCG is linked to diabetes mellitus.