We focus on key regulatory circuits-such as the Tripartite-motif protein 65-miR-138-5p-Autophagy related 7 (TRIM65-miR-138-5p-ATG7)pathway in non-small cell lung cancer, the Cullin-RING Ligase 4(CRL4)-mitophagy signaling pathway in ovarian cancer, and the Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 14-S-phase kinase-associated protein 2(USP14-Skp2) axis in B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) inhibitor resistance-illustrating the dual regulatory functions of ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover and autophagy. The gene discussed is TRIM65; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.