ALB and diabetes mellitus: A predictive nomogram was developed incorporating the following independent risk factors: history of diabetes mellitus (OR 3.698, 95% CI [1.734-7.962], P <.001), previous ERCP (OR 2.451, 95% CI [1.079-5.484], P = .03), malignant biliary obstruction (OR 2.750, 95% CI [1.185-6.375], P = .018), high biliary obstruction (OR 3.343, 95% CI [1.394-7.987], P = .006), and albumin <35g/L (OR 5.499, 95% CI 2.493-12.496], P <.001).