Salivary antimitochondrial antibodies-M2 (AMA-M2), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 (PDC-E2) related autoantibodies, and inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] were consistently elevated in PBC patients compared with healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and primary biliary cholangitis.