INS and Nephropathy: The role of trace elements such as zinc and chromium in the pathophysiology of T2DM has garnered significant attention due to their involvement in glucose metabolism and insulin regulation.<h4>Objective</h4>This cross-sectional study evaluated the clinical correlation between serum zinc and chromium levels in T2DM patients with and without complications in Pakistan.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 145 participants were included, comprising 100 T2DM patients (80 with complications: retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy; 20 without complications) and 45 healthy controls.