This study aims to determine the impact of inflammatory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy at the histological level, and to investigate the predictive value of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell numbers, as well as spatial interactions, in treatment response.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective study included 43 patients with NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy at Shandong Cancer Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. Here, CD8A is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.