CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Analysis of the spatial distance between CD8+ and CD4+ T cells within the epithelial regions of inflamed NSCLC revealed that the effective density of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells within a 30 μm radius of regulatory CD4+ T cells was lower in the MPR group than in the non-MPR group (0.00 vs 0.33, P=0.037).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Patients with inflamed NSCLC demonstrate superior efficacy when receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.