TGFB1 and CAPN5-related vitreoretinopathy: <h4>Purpose</h4>To present an overview of emerging pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).<h4>Methods</h4>This review critically examines recent experimental and clinical evidence on pharmacological agents targeting key pathogenic mechanisms of PVR, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, profibrotic cytokine signaling (TGF-β, PDGF, VEGF), and inflammation-driven tissue remodeling.