In essence, the study reveals that the pathology of bladder cancer in these patients is driven by a feedback loop involving oncogenic miRNAs activating inflammation IL-6 or TNF-α, which coordinates with growth factors (e.g., TGF-β) and contributes to a severely dysregulated metal profile and a copper to zinc imbalance. Here, TGFB1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.