TGFB1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of kzl054 in a preclinical BPH model and to investigate its potential mechanism of action, focusing on the interplay between β-tubulin stabilization, TGF-β1 signaling, and epithelial-stromal crosstalk, thereby exploring a potential new therapeutic strategy that addresses the structural remodeling component of BPH.