AFP and neoplasm: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC3), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP-3), the cancer–testis antigens melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGE-1), and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) are among the clinically tested TAAs that are overexpressed in HCC tumor cells.