Three high-quality studies (Takayama et al., 2009, Takagi et al., 2013, Arima et al., 2007) consistently demonstrated that androgens such as DHT and R1881 promoted cancer growth, that was accompanied by an increase in the expression of APP and enhanced nuclear translocation of ADAM10, whereas the lower-quality studies (McCulloch et al., 2000 and 2004) showed variable results, potentially due to methodological differences [26,27,28,29,30]. Here, APP is linked to cancer.