Similarly, NF-κB and RAGE mRNA expression were increased by striatal DA deprivation; however, injection of FPS-ZM1 significantly reduced these changes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of striatal neuronal damage in PD, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Parkinson disease.