This study examines the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is upregulated in various cachexia models, and assesses the therapeutic potential of the TLR4-inhibiting peptide OH-CATH30 in mitigating muscle atrophy.<h4>Methods</h4>In vivo models using 8-week-old mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 4T1 tumour cells and cisplatin were used to investigate common pathways in cachexia. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and neoplasm.