TLR4 and Cachexia: Pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 using TAK-242 recapitulated the protective effects of OH-CATH30, with no additive benefit observed (p > 0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings underscore the critical role of TLR4 signalling in cachexia-associated muscle wasting across different disease contexts and demonstrate the efficacy of OH-CATH30, a TLR4 inhibitor, in alleviating muscle atrophy in various cachexia models.