Notably, sorafenib treatment led to the downregulation of <i>SMOX</i> (a key catabolic enzyme for spermine), as well as <i>SPHK1</i> and <i>CERS1</i> (critical enzymes involved in sphingosine metabolism), whose high expression levels are associated with poorer survival outcomes in liver cancer patients according to TCGA data. Here, SPHK1 is linked to liver cancer.