IL6 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, it reduces the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), both in muscle tissue in vivo and in adipose tissue cells in vitro, thereby alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance (37, 38), consistent with the results of facilitating the reduction of skeletal muscle lipid deposition and enhancing adipose tissue lipolysis (39) (Figure 3C).