The finding of AAN-I-IFN in patients with WNV encephalitis or TBE, in turn, also suggests that the extremely rare cases of WNV encephalitis or TBE in patients with deleterious mutations of GATA2 or IRF7 are probably also due to impaired type I IFN antiviral immunity (112, 113). The gene discussed is IRF7; the disease is encephalitis.