INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Metformin has long been the first-line therapy, producing moderate reductions in glucose levels and some weight loss by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, improving insulin sensitivity, and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are newer injectable medications used to treat T2DM for their effects on both weight reduction and glycemic control [3].