TNF and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: <h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to compare the risk of developing systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) among pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) versus interleukin-6 inhibitors (IL-6i), based on real-world data.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective real-world cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network, which contains data from over 122 million patients.