KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010 data (1,676 men ≥20 years, 100 PCa cases) confirmed a dose-dependent association: the sum of DEHP metabolites (∑DEHP) correlated positively with PCa risk and elevated serum PSA in non-PCa individuals (both p < 0.05), with all PCa-associated PAEs metabolites showing a “higher concentration, higher risk” trend (Guo T. et al., 2023).