However, following treatment with LNT (in the IL-6+LNT group) and cisplatin (in the cisplatin + IL-6 group), the expression levels of p-STAT3/STAT3, Notch1, and Hes1 in both groups were significantly downregulated, indicating that LNT and cisplatin can mitigate the tumorigenic effects of IL-6, effectively suppress the IL-6/STAT3/Notch signaling pathway, and thus inhibit cancer cell proliferation (Zhang et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene HES1 and cancer.