AKT1 and colorectal cancer: Conversely, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a probiotic strain, exerts antitumor effects in colorectal cancer by inducing apoptosis through the downregulation of AKT1 and Bcl-xL, as well as the upregulation of PTEN and Bax, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation (Alizadeh et al., 2020) (Figure 3C).