These physiologic differences shape practical strategies: in T2D, slower proteins or diets emphasizing plant-based options can reduce insulin demand and help mitigate hyperglycemia over time, while fast-digesting proteins or BCAA-rich sources can acutely lower glucose but may exacerbate hyperinsulinemia if consumed excessively (11, 27, 57, 79). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is hyperinsulinism.