Supporting this, in a randomized crossover study, a high protein evening meal (110 grams of protein, 70 grams of carbohydrate, 52 grams of fat) significantly increased 12-hour glucose AUC by ~500 mg/dL*12h (27.8 mmol/L*12h) and glucose concentration 12 hours later by 62 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) compared to a standard evening meal in 15 adolescents with T1D on insulin pump therapy (29). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.