NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: This review uniquely synthesizes the latest evidence to delineate how specific circRNAs orchestrate immunosuppression in HCC through two interconnected axes: (1) by directly modulating the function and polarization of key immune cells (e.g., T cells, NK cells, macrophages), and (2) by interfering with core immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin).