INS and diabetes mellitus: To describe baseline characteristics at admission, including age and sex; to classify diabetes subtype as recorded in clinical documentation (type 1, type 2, LADA, or other specified forms) and report the proportion of each subtype; to quantify patterns of presentation, including DKA, HHS, mixed DKA/HHS, and non-emergency presentations, and describe these by age group (for example, ≤30 years versus >30 years); and to describe the glucose-lowering therapy documented in the clinical record at the time of admission and/or discharge, including insulin regimens and non-insulin agents.