Independent of CIDP, type 2 diabetes itself is now widely regarded as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease, characterized by persistently increased inflammatory mediators in metabolic tissues and in the circulation, which may mask additional, superimposed cytokine changes attributable to CIDP (Donath and Shoelson, 2011; Herder et al., 2009; Herder et al., 2005). The gene discussed is PMP22; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.