Meanwhile, ferulic acid, a key bioactive phenolic acid present in A. sinensis (and other DSS herbs), modulates multiple metabolic pathways—such as PI3K/AKT, PPAR, MAPK, AMPK, and the insulin signaling pathway—to regulate glucose–lipid metabolism and hormone levels, thereby contributing to the alleviation of PCOS (Gao et al., 2023). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.