Furthermore, a previous prospective, randomized, double-blind study involving T2DM patients (with a disease duration of no more than 5 years, aged 50–70 years, and baseline FBG level of approximately 7.5 mmol/L) revealed that LBP capsules (300 mg/day, orally) for 3 months substantially reduced the FBG, PBG, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and raised the insulinogenic index (IGI) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (24). Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.