TNF and Hyperammonemia: EV from control monocytes treated with TNFα (C-M-EV+TNFα) also induced some of the effects induced by hyperammonemia on these pathways, except for the increase of TNFα in microglia (Figures 4D, E) and in the whole hippocampus (Figure 7A) and the increases in TNFR1, IL-1 receptor, and CCL2 (Figures 7, 8; Table 1).