TNF and brain ischemia: In a diabetic rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion, administration of Res at a dose of 20 mg/kg effectively reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-6 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), while increasing levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and IL-10 (Prabhakar, 2013).