<h4>Background</h4>Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) poses a significant public health and biodefense threat due to periodic epidemics of severe neurological disease in the Americas, yet no licensed human vaccines or specific antiviral therapies exist.<h4>Methods</h4>We comprehensively reviewed the current literature across three core domains: structural biology, vaccine development, and therapeutic antibodies.<h4>Results</h4>First, we detail the complex viral structural proteome (including E1/E2 glycoproteins and Capsid), focusing on the LDLRAD3 entry receptor interaction. The gene discussed is LDLRAD3; the disease is nervous system disorder.