In ALS and FTD research, iPSC-derived motor neurons and cortical neurons carrying SOD1, TDP-43, FUS, or C9orf72 mutations reproduce hallmark phenotypes such as TDP-43 mislocalization, DPR accumulation, axonal transport deficits, and early synaptic dysfunction [102]. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.