These studies will allow validation of the modulation of key signaling pathways, including IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK/mTOR, as well as the restoration of GLUT4 translocation, providing essential preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of these plant-derived extracts in the management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here, SLC2A4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.