CD38 and tuberculosis: Relevant literature was retrieved from multiple databases, with evidence demonstrating differential expression of cytokines-IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2-and T cell activation markers, such as CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in latent and active TB among HIV-infected individuals.