Beyond microbial composition, it is essential to explore the functional profile of the microbiota by analyzing microbial-derived metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide) and their effects on inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity to better understand the development of adiposopathy both in lipodystrophy and obesity. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.