ALK and neoplasm: Despite revolutionary advances in targeted therapies (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS1 inhibitors) [3,4] and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) [5,6], intrinsic and acquired resistance to therapies, metastatic dissemination, and tumor heterogeneity remain significant challenges [7,8,9,10,11].