HMGB1 and melanoma: In vitro experiments, treatment of MV3 and B16F10 melanoma cells with DSF/Cu + IR significantly increased the cellular apoptosis and increased ICD markers: damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) exposure and release, including calreticulin cell surface expression, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, and decreased intracellular ATP levels.