TGFB1 and neoplasm: In summary, while TGF-β blockade effectively modulates tumor vasculature and lymphatics in HGSOC models and shows clear synergy with established immunotherapies and chemotherapies, translating these findings into clinical practice requires addressing its multifaceted roles, mitigating potential off-target effects, and being validated in preclinical models representing diverse histological and molecular subtypes of OCs.