CSF2 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Our findings showed that PMA (together with the ionophore A23187) strongly induced, particularly BCP-ALL cells, to produce all of the examined GFs, which reached up to 140-fold higher concentrations, as compared to the control (500.2 pg/mL for G-CSF, 397.5 pg/mL for VEGF, 89.2 pg/mL for b-FGF, 68.7 pg/mL for PDGF and 5.7 pg/mL for GM-CSF vs. 3.7 pg/mL for the control, all p < 0.0001).