AKT1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In summary, rTs-MIF exerted anti-obesity effects by reducing body fat mass, suppressing hepatic steatosis, attenuating systemic and adipose tissue inflammation, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, downregulating AKT and p44/42 MAPK signaling, and promoting an M2-dominant macrophage milieu in adipose tissue.