Although its downstream mechanisms in ESCC are not fully defined, miR-23a has been shown to target multiple tumor suppressor genes, including PTEN, CDH1, IRF1, APAF1, and TOP2B, thereby promoting prosurvival signaling, EMT-related programs, and resistance to cytotoxic treatments [163]. The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.