High Mg2+ condition produces a more potent toxic effect on CRC SPs than low Mg2+, as shown by sharper reductions in SP area, structural integrity, and viability, along with stronger induction of p53, cleaved caspase-3, p62, and ULK1, and a more pronounced suppression of Mrs2 expression and ΔΨm (Figure 8). Here, ULK1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.