Cohen’s d showed that there were large effect sizes for P-selectin and PAI-1 and medium effect sizes for E-selectin, cadherin-5 and ANGPT1, whilst intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)-3 and -5 and soluble angiopoietin-1 receptor (sTie-2) showed small effect sizes and did not differ between T2D and controls at baseline (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene ANGPT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.