INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the T2DM group, the main effect of marker type was significant (p < 0.0001) for insulin (F (39,48) = 2.284, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (F (39,48) = 6.588, p < 0.0001), and QUICKI (F (39,48) = 5.452, p < 0.0001), showing markedly different values compared to the lipid-derived indices.