CASP3 and neoplasm: Western blot analysis of key proteins involved in metastasis, apoptosis, and inflammation revealed that treatment with LRP5-overexpressing osteocyte-derived CM downregulated tumor-promoting proteins, including MMP9, Snail, TGF-β1, and IL-6, while upregulating the apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase-3 (Supplementary Figure S1F).