Furthermore, GLI1 facilitates tumor aggressiveness by orchestrating the tumor microenvironment (TME); it drives angiogenesis through the direct transcriptional upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), essential for the hyper-vascularized nature of GBM [58]. Here, GLI1 is linked to glioblastoma.