This review seeks to consolidate information on three main enquiries: (i) the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists in improving reproductive and IVF outcomes in women of reproductive age, especially those with obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome; (ii) the influence of GLP-1 signalling on ovarian physiology at cellular and molecular levels, including granulosa cell survival, steroidogenesis, and gonadotropin responsiveness; and (iii) the safety implications derived from findings in experimental animals and in vitro studies. This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.