TP53 and neoplasm: Single-gene GSEA indicated that CDH2 upregulation was positively associated with the p53 signaling pathway, DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway (Figure 7A), with detailed correlation coefficients shown in Figure 7B. Key genes within these pathways that are highly relevant to tumor drug resistance mechanisms (Supplementary Table S2B) were further analyzed.